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Bohol
Introduction
Bohol is an island province of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region and consists of the island of Bohol and 75 small islands. Its capital is Tagbilaran City. With an area of 4,117.3 km ² and a coastline 261 km long, Bohol is the tenth largest island of the Philippines. To the west of Bohol is Cebu, north-east of the island is Leyte and to the south and across the Bohol Sea is Mindanao.
Bohol is a popular tourist destination in the Philippines with its beaches and resorts. The Chocolate Hills (Chocolate Hills), are numerous mounds of limestone and are the most popular attraction. The island of Panglao, located just southwest of Tagbilaran City, is famous for its diving sites and regularly cited as one of the ten best diving sites in the world. The Philippine Tarsier Bohol native, is considered the second-smallest primate in the world.
The Boholanos are proud of their island and refer to it as the "Republic of Bohol. One arm of the sea separates the island of Cebu and Bohol and both share a common language but are distinguishable from the Boholanos conscious of the Cebuanos. Bohol's climate is generally dry. Rainfall are more between June and October (this is however to be qualified in terms of climate change in recent years). The interior of the island is cooler than the coast.
is the home province of Carlos P. Garcia, the fourth President of the Republic of the Philippines (1957-1961) who was born in Talibon, Bohol. Content [Hide]
History
Contemporary History
The people of Bohol are the descendants of the last group of inhabitants who settled in the Philippines called pintados or " the tattooed. "Boholanos already had a culture of their own as reflected in the objects dug Mansasa, Tagbilaran, and then Dauis Panglao.
Bohol is derived from the word Bo-ho or Bo-ol.
The island was the seat of the first international treaty of peace and unity between the king Datu Sikatuna and the native English conquistador, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, March 16, 1565 through a blood pact known
TODAY 'Today by many Filipinos as "Sandugo"
The English colonial period
The first significant contact of the island with Spain occurred in 1565. In this year, March 25 (March 16 in the Julian calendar), a English explorer named Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in Bohol in search of spices and gold. After convincing the native chiefs that they were not Portuguese (who raided the islands of Mactan in 1521) he made a pact with Datu Sikatuna peace. The pact was symbolized by a blood pact between the two men. This event, called the Sandugo ("one blood") is celebrated each year during the Festival in Bohol Sandugo. The Sandugo or blood compact is also depicted on the flag and the seal of the province of Bohol. Two important
revolts occurred in Bohol during the English era. One was the uprising led by Tamblot in 1621, which was a Babaylan or native priest. The other was the famous rebellion led by Francisco Dagohoy, also known as Sendrijas Francisco from 1744 to 1829. It is considered the longest rebelion of Philippine history.
Politically, Bohol was annexed to Cebu. It became a separate politico-military province July 22, 1854, and Siquijor. A census conducted in 1879montre that Bohol had a population of 253,103 distributed among 34 municipalities.
Because of the English colonial period, several municipalities in Bohol have names of English cities, such as "Getafe". This town is twinned with the English town of the same name. At Getafe, a street is named Isla Bohol (Bohol), a unique name for a street in Spain.
Intervention and the American occupation
United States bought all of the Philippine Islands to Spain after beating during the English-American War. That said, the government established by General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the newly independent and is not recognized by the United States and Bohol is governed as a Gobierno de Canton.
During the Philippine-American War, which follows the American troops led by Henry Hale landed in Tagbilaran and envahissèrent on the island. He hired Pedro Samson to establish a police force on the island. Instead, Samson using his troops and equipment, shared within Bohol and created an insurgency.
After being massacred in their first battle, Samson turned to guerrilla tactics whose purpose was to influence the interior of the island while Hale's forces were intended to control the periphery of Bohol and City Tagbilaran. In January 1901, the fighting subsided. In May 1901, an American soldier was murdered by the boyfriend of a woman he had assaulted. In retaliation, Capt. Andrew S. Rowan, commander of the soldier, gave orders to burn the town of Jagna. This reactivated the fury of the people of Bohol and resuscitation insurgency.
At first Rowan was suspended from office for having made that decision. Subsequently, the military command approved his method and burnt more villages. Fires were generally a response to any act of collaboration. In addition, livestock was distributed and tortured civilians, most often with a water torture. At the end of fighting, American troops had burned 16-20 villages. Major Edwin F. Glenn, who had personally approved the torture, was later tried for the crime by court martial.
Samson and his men rendèrent December 23, 1901 after receiving amnesty and declared an oath of loyalty. The war ended in large part at that time. However, a month later Samson had rearmed and ordered the killing of JR Hegg, the provincial supervisor. This once more unleashed passions and almost restarted the war. But the war did not resume and the last U.S. troops left in February 1902.
Mar. 10, 1917, the Americans made Bohol a separate province under Act 2711 (which also created most of the other provinces of the Philippines).
Japanese occupation and liberation
The Japanese Imperial Army landed in Tagbilaran May 17, 1942. The Boholanos unsuccessfully fought against Japanese forces. Bohol was later reconquered by the guerrillas and Boholanos Filipino and American troops April 11, 1945.
hundred sixty two thousand officers and men of the 3rd Battalion du164e Infantry Regiment of the U.S. division under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William H. Considine landed at Tagbilaran wharf at 7:00 o'clock in the morning of April 11, 1945. The convoy
who led the liberation forces and Filipino American in Bohol, consisted of a flotilla of six landing ships (medium), six landing crafts (infantry), two landing crafts (support), and landing craft (medium-rockets). Upon arrival, the reinforced battalion combat, advanced rapidly towards the east and north with the mission of destroying all hostile forces in Bohol. Of Motor patrols were immediately sent by Col. Considine, Force Commander, to comb the area north and east, about half of the island. No enemy was found during the recognition. It was only later that was flushed out an enemy group of undetermined strength, located north of Ginopolan in Valencia, near the border of Sierra Bullones.
In April 17, the battalion's objective was to knock up Ginopolan 25 LOSQUE it was confirmed that the majority of Japanese people had been beaten and destroyed within ten days of the action. Bohol was officially declared released May 25, 1945 by Major General William H. Arnold, commander of the Americal Division. About this time, most officers and men of the Command area of Bohol were integrated by units of the Eighth U.S. Army.
May 31, 1945, the Area Command of Bohol was officially deactivated on the orders of Lieutenant General Robert Eichelberger, Commanding General of the Eighth U.S. Army and the Philippine Constabulary, the armed forces of the Former Commonwealth of the Philippines and the guerrillas Boholano.
Geography and Climate
Geography
Bohol is oval, with a gentle rolling terrain. Bohol's mountainous interior is a haven for flora and fauna, rare and endangered. In some places, hills descend steeply to the coast with a maximum altitude of 870 meters. The interior highlands are devoted to agro-forestry and agricultural production. The lowlands of central and north are also fertile with abundant water supply. Over a hundred caves have been identified, including the largest is located in the eastern part which confers status in Bohol ideal for spelunking. The hills
dominate the island of Bohol. Two channels extend substantially parallel to the northwest and southeast. An interior plateau is dominated by limestone hills. In Carmen, Batuan and Sagbayan, these hills form a large number of almost perfect cone. They are collectively referred to as the Chocolate Hills ("Chocolate Hills"). The Chocolate Hills of Carmen is considered one of the natural wonders of the Philippines and Bohol is often referred to as the jewel of the Philippines. These hills are made of limestone left by coral reefs during the ice age, when the island was submerged. They turn brown during the summer, which explains their name.
white sand beaches stretch along the coastline of the island. The sand is of such quality that it is sometimes exported to other beaches in the world. The most famous beaches are located in Panglao, and there, numerous islets have similar ranges, untouched and pristine.
There are four main rivers that cross Bohol. That of Loboc is known for its river cruises, ranging from the center of the island to the southeast coast. The largest is Inabanga and sank in the northwestern part of the province. There southwest, Abatan River, and north, Ipil River.
Numerous waterfalls and caves are scattered across the island, including the beautiful Mag-Aso flowing Antequera. Mag-Aso means "Smoke" in the local language. The water is cool and often creates a moist morning mist that can hide the waterfall.
| around Bohol Islands and assigned to the jurisdiction of the Government of Bohol province |
| Alicia Bay | His Owaki | Cabul-an | Cati he | Inanoran | Lumislis | Maomauan | Pandao | reckless | Reed |
| Bagatusan | Bilangbilangan | Cabantulan | Cuaming | Jaguliao | Ma agpit | Maubay | Pangangan | Sandingan | Tangtaang |
| New Banwa | Bonbon | Cabgan | Danajon | Jandayan | Mahanay | Mocaboc | Pangapasan | Sentingnenay | Tintinan |
| Balicasag | Bosaan | Calangaman | Gak-ang | Already | Makaina | nasing | Panglao | Silas | Tumok |
| Banacon | Buabuahan | Cancoslino | Gauss | Juagdan | Makalingao | Nocnocan | Pinang | Sinandigan |
|
| Banbanan | Bugatusan | Calituban | Guindacpan | Leaf | Malinga | Pamasaun | Potohan | Tabangdio |
|
| Bansaan | Busalian | Cataban | Hambongan | Lapinin Chico | Mantatao Daku | Pamilacan | Pungtud | Talabon |
|
| Batasan | Cabilao | Catang | Hingutanan | Limasoc | Mantatao Gamay | Pandanon | Saag | Talimobo |
|
Climate
November to April are the warmer months of the year with daytime temperatures averaging 28 ° C and cooling overnight at about 25 ° C. There may be some rare rains associated with the northeast monsoon (Amihan).
The summer season from May to July brings higher temperatures and humid days.
On August to October, weather conditions are difficult to predict, with weeks of beautiful weather alternating with rainy days associated with the southwest monsoon (Habagat).
It can rain any day of the year, but more showers occur from November to January.
Government
The province of Bohol is divided into 3 congressional districts, 47 municipalities and 1 city. There are 1,109 barangays (1,114 barangays per NEDA) with a total population of 1,292,254 (2007) and an average household size of 5.41 occupants.
Infrastructure
Airport
development programs Tagbilaran Airport include extending the runway length of 2,500 meters to accommodate the A320 for the direct route to Manila. The small Fokker 50, which served to make the trip Manila-Tagbilaran were removed and are now replaced by A319 companies Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific Air and Zest. Improving air traffic will soon accommodate bigger aircraft and a terminal enlarged and more modern will soon be built.
Although a number of national companies the affluent already Airport Tagbilaran City, the proposal of an international airport on Panglao island neighbor, is being studied in order to accommodate larger aircraft and to route more passengers and tourists to the province.Cette proposed international airport in Panglao is debatable. Indeed, land (with right of way) owned by the private sector, were bought cheap and are now sold a fortune giving the project a slight setback.
Port
The docks of the city of Tagbilaran is now called the Tagbilaran City Tourist Pier and harbor facilities such as: *
length 265.8 meters of dock - including 2 dedicated to fast ferries docks
* 2 RoRo ramps, area of 1,820 square meters of storage
* The average cargo capacity is 49,000 tons accommodating 10 to 20 trucks
A * 5142 TEU traffic
There are about 9 ships daily flights to Cebu, with 5 being the fast ferries . The daily traffic is about 4,000 passengers. Other regular destinations are Manila (four times a week), Cagayan de Oro City, Dumaguete, Dipolog, Iligan, Larena, Plaridel and Ozamiz City. There are other smaller ports that the affluent northern Cebu and Mindanao. The Port of Tubigon is the most developed among the small ports and offers more than ten daily round trips between Cebu and Bohol. The Port of Catagbacan Loon is a roll-on roll-off between Cebu and Bohol for those vehicles. The Port of Jagna provides services plying between Bohol, Cagayan and Camiguin (roll-on, roll-off). Other ports are Ubay, Talibon, Getafe, Buenavista, Clarin and.
Media
Bohol has three major radio stations, Dyrda-AM, and Dytras DYZD. Dyrda Dytras and also broadcast on FM. There are several weekly or biweekly, as the Bohol Chronicle, Sunday Post, Bohol Times, The Bohol Standard. There is only one daily newspaper called the Daily News Balita Bohol. A website called Bohol Daily News collects news from various sources. Online ads are also available on the site called Bohol Classified Ads.
Telecommunications
Bohol is wired for telephone systems that provide access to national and international communications. They are provided by three service providers: PLDT, and Cruztelco Globelines. The mobile phone companies are also present in the province: Globe, Smart, and Sun Cellular.
Access to telecommunications can also be easier in cities through the 138 public calling stations. Forty-three (43) payphone stations are located at strategic locations in major malls in the capital.
A project in partnership with Globelinesa wide provincialpour to increase land lines from 2,000 to 13,000.
Bohol also has a local ISP called Auza.Net serving specialized markets such as small call centers and more remote sites.
Highway
The road network is well developed and facilitates access to all barangays. The proposed road network around Bohol 1.2 billion pesos, for a total of 262 km along the road, has and will greatly improve the road network. Phase I of the project, which will connect about half of the province to CALaPA Candijay, is underway.
Energy
The province is fully energized with the National Electricity Company which is the sole supplier. The actual production capacity of 93.5 megawatts is supported by the following facilities:
* Power Diesel: 18 MW *
Loboc Hydroelectric: 1.2 *
Janopol Hydroelectric: 1.8
Barge Power * 105: 10.5
Power Barge 207 *: 30 * 101
Barge Power: 32
A mini central Bohol Electric Cooperative serves the five barangays Cabilao island connected to the town of Loon . The interconnection project of 21 billion pesos between Leyte and Bohol now brings a geothermal greater capacity (80-100 MW).
Water
The water supply of the city of Tagbilaran and the town is 24 hours/24 through "Tagbilaran Water Supply Project. Thirty-two deep wells equipped with pumps hydraulic submerssibles give a daily output of 19,000 cubic meters of water.
Several water projects are underway to meet the water needs for domestic and industrial use. The water and sanitation project in Central Visayas Water and construction of water systems level III allowed 16 other municipalities in bringing additional benefits of water. Similarly, development Ujan sources of Cortes with a daily capacity of 3,500 cubic meters and Loboc River which should generate at least 100,000 cubic meters daily, are projects that are constantly supported.
Economy
Tourism plays an increasing role in the economy of the island. An international airport is currently planned for Panglao which houses the most visited beaches and most accessible of the province. Supporters hope the new airport in Bohol that this will earn its reputation as an international tourist destination but strong criticism counteract plans envisaged.
Labour
The results of the survey work conducted in 1999 by the NSO in Bohol show that the potential workforce in the province rose to 691 thousand but only 66 , 4% are part of the working class. The employment rate at the end of 1999, increased by 85.35% to 90.5% over 1998. However, an increase in the underemployment of 6.7% was noted from 5% in 1998 to 11.7% in 1999.
The job is for the most part concentrated in agriculture. The inflation rate in Bohol in 1999 increased to 11.3% or 2.5% more than in 1998. The purchasing power of the peso in 1988 was valued at 0.71 pesos in 1999, among the lowest in the region. Note a slight difference in the minimum wage per day between the city of Tagbilaran 121.00 pesos and 108.00 pesos municipalities of Bohol.
Based on the 1997 survey, the average annual family income in Bohol, was estimated at 56 940.00 pesos, which is among the lowest in the region. The average annual expenditure in 1997 for a family Boholana was P50, 754.00, the highest in the region. 50% of families of Bohol have their main source of income from entrepreneurial activities while only 27% of wages. In 1994, the poverty rate was 42.3% Bohol, which was the highest rate in Region 7, even higher than the national average of 37.5%. However, this has declined over the years to a maximum of 60.5% in 1985 to 54.7% in 1991. The monthly poverty line of Bohol in 1994 was set at 5, 978.00 pesos, or 24% above the threshold of 1991. The index of poor families was 44%, down 16% since 1991 [3].
About the movement of goods into and out of the province through the various ports of Bohol, the No. 1 export product in 1998 remains the limestone followed by exports of plate. Other major export products are rice, bananas, cattle, mangoes, native products, pork, buffalo, nipa shingles copra, raffia, salted fish, salt and fish cooked with a total volume of 426 thousand metric tons. Plywood tops the list of incoming products followed by manufactured goods, electrical equipment and building materials, with a total registered 264 thousand metric tonnes for the 15 major commodities.
The same report indicates that among the goods brought in Bohol, rice remains largely a product imported into the province over the years. In 1999, an estimate of NFA shows that 290,008 bags of rice were imported in Bohol. It is also worth noting the significant increase in traffic of foreign vessels in Bohol which according to the APA, is attributed to shipments of limestone by these foreign vessels. In 1999, a total of 34 calls of foreign vessels were recorded by the APA to private port of the PSC. In addition, the agency reported that there were also increases the number of calls of domestic vessels, passenger numbers and the number of cargo export abroad. In 1999, a total of 6,997 calls vessels were recorded for the 7 most important seaports in Bohol. For the Port of Tagbilaran, the average monthly number of ship calls in 1999 was 300 for fast ferries and 778 for conventional vessels. An increase in freight has also been recorded with more cargo departing from that.
In September 1999, the Board of Investment (BOI) registered a new project in alcohol production in Bohol at a cost of 7,501,000 pesos. Capital from companies and partnerships, registered with the SEC for Bohol rose from 200 to 500 million pesos in 1998. Bohol is identified as a tourist attraction, tourism and manufacturing are possible vectors for future investments in Bohol. Letter of Instruction No. 75 issued May 22, 1973 is the reference in the indication areas of investment and infrastructure development related to tourism. However, the Proclamation No. 1801 proclaims certain areas in Bohol as tourist areas, including the islands of Panglao and Cabilao Balicasag.
In addition to its white sand beaches and hills Chocolate, Bohol and other tourist attractions such as churches and ancient towers, dating back several centuries, the beauty of its dive sites, majestic waterfalls, caves, historical monuments as well as fauna and flora primitive and exotic. Various tourist destinations have been developed and are being developed by the government to boost this sector.
Education
The literacy rate in the province of Bohol is high at 93%.
List of institutions of higher education:
Les Boholanos Célèbres
- Carlos P. Garcia - 8th President of the Republic of the Philippines (1957-1961)
- Jose A. Clarin - Senator & Senate President ProTempore, Republic of the Philippines (1916-1935)
- Juan S. Torralba - Senator, Republic of the Philippines (1931-1937)
- Olegario B. Clarin - Senator, Republic of the Philippines (1946-1949)
- Cecilio Putong - former Secretary of Education (1952)
- Ernesto F. Hererra - Senator, Republic of the Philippines (1987-1998)
- Lauro Mumar - Philippine Basketball Hall of Famer Bernard Fabiosa
- - former PBA All-Star player
- Roman "Yoyoy" Villame - Singer / Songwriter
- Dr. José Abueva - President, University of the Philippines (1987-1993) Napoleon Abueva
- - Sculptor, National Artist Cesar Montano
- - Entertainer (Award-Winning Actor, Director, Producer) Anna Maris
- Igpit - Ms. Philippines-World 2006
- Luke Mijares - Singer and former lead vocalist of South Border
Nonito Donaire Jr. - . - World Boxing Champion
Rich Asuncion - - Starstruck Finalist of GMA 7 and Ms. Philippines 2009 1st Runner-Up
- Cathy Remperas - Pinoy Big Brother housemates Double Up
- Mutya Buena - Filipino-British Pop Singer, Sugababes member
- Jerome Sala - Search For The Star in a Million 2005 Grand Champion / ABS-CBN
Festivals
Article
- Sandugo Festival (July 1-31)
- Tagbilaran City Fiesta (May 1)
- Bolibong Kingking Festival (May 23-24) - Loboc, Bohol
- Pana-ad sa Loboc (Holy Thursday & Good Friday) - Loboc, Bohol
- SidlaKasilak or Festival of Lights - Loon (Fiesta Week: August 30 to September 8)
- Sambat Mascara y Regatta Festival (1st Saturday of December) - Loay, Bohol
- Suroy sa Musikero (December 25 - February 2) - Loboc, Bohol
- Bohol Fiestas (month of May)
- Ubi Festival (January) [18]
- Tigum Bol-anon or TBTK Whole World - "A gathering of Boholanos from different parts of the world and the name for such a grand event" [19 ]
- laughter in Panglao (August 27-28) Panglao, Bohol
Galerie
Gov. Erico Aumentado, 2001-2010 | | | River cruise on the Loboc River |
| | | | |
References
- ^ "Bohol Island, Philippines" . Bohol-philippines.com . http://www.bohol-philippines.com/bohol.html . Retrieved 2009-02-20.
- ^ a b The Island-Province of Bohol www. bohol.gov.ph Retrieved November 15, 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f Socio-economic Profile www.bohol.gov.ph
- ^ Press Release (2002-09-10). "Bohol: Growth rate made a sudden leap to TO 2.95 percent" . Philippines National Statistics Office . http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr02135tx.html . Retrieved 2009-06-11 .
- ^ Bountiful Bohol www.aenet.org Retrieved November 15, 2006.
- ^ Bohol-The Island Province www.aenet.org Retrieved November 15, 2006.
- ^ A Short History of Bohol (Part 1) www.bohol.ph Retrieved November 15, 2006.
- ^ a b Readings From Bohol's History www.aenet.org, Source: Philippine Political and Cultural History. Volume I. Gregorio F. Zaide Retrieved November 15, 2006.
- ^ The Bohol Flag and Seal www.bohol.gov.ph Retrieved November 15, 2006.
- ^ History of Bohol www.bohol.gov.ph Retrieved November 15, 2006.
- ^ Military Biography English-American War Lt. Andrew Summers Rowan Part 2 David Wallechinsky & Irving Wallace (reproduced with permission from "The People's Almanac" series of books). Retrieved November 15, 2006.
- ^ A Short History of Bohol (Part II) www.bohol.ph Retrieved November 15, 2006.
- ^ Geography and Topography www.bohol.gov.ph Retrieved November 15, 2006.
- ^ a b The Region www.cvis.net Retrieved November 19, 2006.
- ^ a b Bohol Profile Executive Brief www.bohol.gov.ph Retrieved November 19, 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f Bohol Profile on Infrastructure www.bohol.gov.ph Retrieved November 19, 2006.
- ^ Socio -Economic Profile of Bohol www.bohol-island.com Retrieved November 20, 2006
- ^ Bohol to hold ubi festival www.inq7.net Retrieved December 4, 2006
- ^ Bohol Island Festivals www.hoteltravel.com Retrieved November 19, 2006.
Voir aussi
